gsnabat



Oct. 2,11 928. A. GINABAT SURFACE CONDENSER 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Original Filed May 5. 1921 I VENTOR My I 2 f A TTORNE Y5 A. GINABAT SURFACE CONDENSER Oct. 2, 1928.

Original Fileduay a. 1921 s Sheets-Sheet 2 wxg ATTORNEYS.

Y Oct. 2, 1928.

Re. 17,094 A. G I NABAT Original Filed May 5, 1921 3 sheats sheet 3 'INZ NTOR BY A'TTORNE Y Reissued Oct. 2, 1928.

f Re. 17,094

NITED STATES PAT NT OFFICE--' A RE eI mnAr, or PABIfi, nnaivon.

SURFACE CONDENSER.

' Original No. 1 ,451 .334,'dated April 10, 1923. Serial No. 466,481, filed May 3, 1921.

filed May 9,. 1924.

a The present invention relates to condensing apparatus of the surface type in which the condensation of a fluid or of a vapour produces, by transfer of heat, the elevation of temperature of another fluid separated from the first one by a metallic wall. Such are, for instance, the surface condensers of steam engines and turbines.

In these apparatus the transfer of the heat of the steam to be condensed to the circulat ing Water takes place across the walls of numerous tubes constituting a tubular sys.

tem, the phenomenon of the condensation taking place ma vessel where a vacuum is 01 isnot maintained. v The position of the tubes in the tubular heat of the steam to a cold and nearly dry wall has a much higher value than-when a layer of liquid, which is abad conductor of heat, exists between Wall.

"The present invention is based on the above considerations and has for its object the production and the maintenance of a high and improved efiiciency for the whole of the condensing surface of a system of tubes by anning to secure a considerable reduction of the dripping.

Referring to the drawings filed herewith: Figs. 1 and 2 are sections of the tubular system illustrating the usual arrangement 1 of tubes in surface condensers, showing the manner in which dripping ordinarily takes place.

3 is a similar section showing the improved arrangement of tubes according to this invention, showing the reduction of wet area.

Fig. 4 is a similar section showing one method of carrying out the invention in a tubular system. 1

Fig. '5 is a similar section sliowinganotlier the steam and the same Application for reissue Serial No. 712,169.

method of carrying out the invention with clearances of free spaces.

Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section of a surface condenser with inclined tubes.

Fig. 7 is a side elevation of one of the tubes of Fig. .6, on a'large scale.

The drawbacks of'the dripping are con-. siderably diminished by reducing'to a mini mum the extentand the durationof the contact .of the liquid drops (due to thecondenr sation of the steam at the contact of the tubes in which circulates cooling water) falling from the upper tubes, with the surface of the tubes on which they fall.

In the ordinary condensers the rows of tubes are, some horizontal, the others vertical (Fig. 1) or else the horizontal rows are arranged as shown inFig. '2 where the axes of the tubes occupy mostoften the apices of an. equilateral triangle.

These two arrangements are equally ole? fective; in both casestubes are placed two by two directly one underneath the other, so that the drops from the upper tube fall entirely on the upper generating line of the corresponding lower tube. They spread on the latter and, the whole speed of their f ll being practically destroyed, they form all around it a persisting and insulating film.

The present invention obviates this drawback, and among other things, consists, broadly stated, of passing the"'steam to he condensed over a plurality of superimposed cooling tubes and simultaneously maintaining at least a portion of the circumferential surface of said tubes in the general direction of flow of the steam free-from the, insulating effect of the water of condensation flowing in the interior of the condenser. Toithis end the tubes of the system are so loeatedand arranged that the water of condensation dropof the circumference cl 6, f g,

and that specific arrangement will be described to illustrate the invention. It follows that the path of the drops of condensed water is represented by the line d e f g, and

that the surface of contact of each onewith tically undiminished; it describes very rapidly the very sloping path cl 6, forms again at e, and falls at once on the following tube, and so on. I

As this rapidity of the displacement. of the water along the arcs d e, f g, has the further 7 advantage of avoiding a .useless cooling of calscd,ef,.

A the. geometrical and substantially'equal to 3B, in sucha manner the water of condensation, which comes out of the condenser at a higher temperature, there is a further improvement in the thermal efliciency of the apparatus.

Lastly it does not matter whether the verti defined above are tangent to the right or the left extremity of the horizontal diameter of each lower tube; this tube can also be another one than the one immediately underneath. The principle ofthe invention remains unimpaired. I I

As an example, Fig. 4 illustrates a portion of a tubular system constructed according to physical consideration just explained.

In this system, tubes of radius R are arranged in such a manner that their centers are located in groups of three on the apices of an equilateral triangle the side of which is that the oblique rows A B, C D, etc. so formed are inclined about 11 to the horizontal. It

follows from this arrangement that any vertical such as h 71, passing through the center of any one tube of the upper row is practically tangent to the end j of the horizontal radius 7' k of the tube of the center is situated on its right and at the end Z of the horizontal radius m l of the tube of the center m situated on its left; This peculiarity has the following ad vantage when, owing to a disturbing puff of steam, or owing to the rolling, for instance on board ship,tthe drop coming from the point h happens to pass'outside'the point j, and miss the tube 10 it can only fall on the tube m in the come symmetrical to the former one with respect to'the vertical.

It is very advantageous to utilizein the same tubular system symmetrical courses of the drops or, which comes to the same, to utilize the'symmetrical inclination of the rows of tubes on either side of the horizontal. It is known as a matter of fact-that in most of the condenser tubular systems clearances are pro vided, that is, spaces free from tubes, with the object of directing the steamto be condens'ed and to distribute it through the system of tubes in the most uniformly possible manner.

Figure 5 illustrates as an example a portion of a tubular system in which this arrangement is obtained. The clearances are the spaces A B in which the general direction of the steam is indicated by the upper arrow. Now, it is important that the tubes should present their dryest surface normally to that direction, that is their surface most adapted to produce the condensation of the steam; in order to obtain this result-it is sufiicient to arrange the inclination ofthe rows of tubes as shown on Fig. 5 where it is seen that'the wet portion of each of them is in the opposite direction to the flow of steam arriving upon it.

Finally in the group of tubes situated between two consecutive clearances A 13,, it is possible to provide at the'middle a space C free from tubes where the air accumulates,

the action of gravity and without ceasing to cling to the tube, in the direction of the arrow 6, until they meet the tubular plate or the nearest supporting plate.

Inn

The carrying out of the present invention has therefore for its result to increase in considerable proportion the efiiciency of condensing surfaces; it is therefore of such a nature as to considerably improve the efficiency of condensing apparatus and also of heating apparatus. It follows at once that in order to obtain the same results, it will be sufficient to construct apparatus in comparably less heavy, less cumbersome and consequently less costly. It will even be possible to improve the existing apparatus which have-proved to be insufiicient by means of an easyand relatively inexpensive alteration, which consists only in the substitution for the tubular plates existing of new plates where the tubes will be distributed and arranged according to the principle of this invention.

I have illustrated and described herein what I have considered to be the preferred forms of the invention. It is, however, to be expressly understood that I do not limit m self to these constructions as many changes may be made in points of detail and other embodiments resorted to without deviating rac s from the true spirit and scope of myim en tion as defined by the annexed claims,

What I clailnqand desire to secure by -Letters Patent is type, a disposition of cylindrical tubes in wvhich a verticaluplane passing through the axis of a tube tangent to the extremities of the horizontal diameters of two tubes situated, one on'either side of the said plane,

which last mentioned tubes are situated i two distinct lower rows of tubes.

3. A surface condenser of the tubular type having'tubes so disposed thata vertical line from any point onthe axis of the upper tube of a pair of tubes is tangent at the end of a horizontal diameter of the lower tube or the pair, clearance spaces being provided in the midst of the tubular system.

4. Al surface condenser of the tubular type having tubes so disposed that a vertical line from any point on the axis of the upper tube of a pairof tubes is tangent at the end of a horizontal diameter ofthe lower tube of the pair, said tubes being located so that the centers of any three contiguous tubes are at the apices of an equilateral triangle the sides or which are equal to three times the radius of one tube.

In a surface condenser 01' the tubular type, a disposition oficylin'drical tubes in which a vertical plane passing through the axis of a tube is tangent to theextremities of the horizontal diameters of two tubes situated,

one on e-it-her side of the said plane, which which last mentioned tubes are situated in" lastmentioned tubes are situated in two dis-. tinct lower rows of tubes, the said tubes being located so that the centres of .anythree contiguous tubes are at the apices of an equilateral triangle. the s ides of which are equal to three times the radius of one tube, and the rows of tubes being inclined at an angle of about 11 tothe horizontal. H i

6 In a surface condenser of the tubular type, a disposition of cylindricaltubesin which a vertical planexpassing through the axis of a tube is tangent to the extremities of the horizontal diameters of two tubes situ-' ated, one on either side of the said plane,

two distinct lower rows of tubes, the said tubes being located so that the centers of any three contiguous tubes are at the apices of an equilateral. triangle "the sides of which are equal to three times the radius of one tube,

and the rows of tubes being inclined at angle of about 11 to the horizontal, to the gle ofiabout 11 to the horizontal.

lett and to the right symmetrically,

7; A surface condenser of thetubular type having tubes so disposed that a vertical line from any point on the axis of the upper tube of a pair of tubes is tangent to the extremity of a horizontal diameter of the underneath tube 01E the pair, the tubes being arranged in.

groups, each group comprising two nests of tubes arranged so that thewet portions of said tubes of one nest of the other, clearance spaces being'provided between the groups for the entrance of steam, said tubes being arranged in such a manner that'all the tubes of thecondenser have their dry faces turned towards the nearest one of said clearance spaces.

8. A surface condenser of thetubular type having tubes so disposed that a vertical linefrom any point on the axis of the upper tube oi? a pair of tubes is tangent to the extremityof a horizontal diameter of theunderneath tube of the pair, said tubes being located so that the centers of any three contiguous tubes are at the apices of an equilateral triangle, the sides or which are equal to three times the radius oi one tube, the tubes being arranged in groups, each group comprising two nests of tubes in which the rows of tubes are in cline'd to the/horizontal at an angle of approximately 11", to the left and to the right respectively, clearance spaces being provided between the groups for the entrance of steam, said tubes being arranged in such a manner that all the tubes of each of said nests have their dry faces turned towards the adjacent clearance space. I i

9. In asurface condenser ofthe tubular type, a disposition of cylindrical cooling tubes at difl'erentlevels', the axes of the tubes being substantially parallel in which a vertical plane parallel to the axes of the tubes and passing through the axis of a tube touches practically tangentially two other tubes, one on either side of said plane, at points located between vertical planes parallel to the axes of the tubes and passing through the axes of said two tubes. i r

l 10. In a surface condenser of the tubular tubes at different levels, the axes of the tubes being substantially parallel in which a vertical plane parallel to the axes of the tubes face the wet portions type, a disposition of cylindrical condensing,

and passing'through the axis of a tube touches practically tangentially two other tubes, one

on eitherside of said plane, at points located atone side -of vertical planes passing through the axes of said two tubes, which last mentioned tubes aresi-tuated in two distinct lower rows of tubes, the tubes being located so that the centers of 'anythree contiguous tubes are substantially at thezapices of an equilateral triangle the sides of which are equal to stantially three times the radius of one tube, a

and the rows of tubes bcinginclined at an an- 11. In a-surfacecondenser of the tubular type, a disposition of" cylindrical condensing tubes at different levels the axes of the tubes being substantially parallel in which a ver-' tical plane parallel to theaxes of the tubes and passing through the axis of a tube touches practically tangentially two other tubes, one on either side of said plane, at points located at one side of vertical planes passing through the axes of said two tubes, which last mentioned tubes are situated in two distinct lower rows of tubes, the tubes being located so that the centers of any three contiguous tubes are substantially at the apices of an equilateral triangle the sides of whichafre substantially equrl to three times.

i the radius of one tube, and the-rows of tubes being inclined at an angle of about 11 to the horizontal, to the left and to the rightsyrn metrically, a 12. A condenser comprising a plurality of cooling tubes separated by clearances for the flow of steam and residual air into a plurality of groups,.each of said groups being composed of a plurality of oblique rows inclined to the Vertical with the successive tubes of each row from the top to the'bottom thereof located above but slightly offset from the tube just beneath it whereby the con 'densed Water from the bottom of one tube of the row will fall on one side of the tube just beneath it and thereby causean oblique progression into one of said clearancesof the water condensed by each of said rows of tubes.

13. A condenser comprising a plurality of cooling tubes separated by clearances for the flow of steam and residual air into a plu rality of groups, eachof said groups-being composed of a plurality of oblique rows of tubes inclined downwardly toward said clearances for steam'and downwardly away from said clearances for the flow of residual a1r,'the successive tubes ofeach row from the top to the bottom'th'ereof being located above but slightly offset from the tube just beneath it whereby the condensed water from the bottom of one tube will fall on one side of the tube just beneath it and thereby cause an oblique progression into said steam clearances and away from said air clearances of i the water condensed by each of said obhque rows of tubes. Y

14. A condenser comprising a plurality of cooling tubes separated by clearances for the circulation of steam into a plurality of groups, each of said groups being composed of a plurality of oblique rows of tubes inclined downwardly toward said clearances, the successive tubes of each row from the top to the bottom thereof being located above but slightly offset from the tube just beneath it I whereby the condensed water-from the bottom of one tube will fall on one side of the tubejust beneath it and thereby effect an obliqueprogression into such clearances of water condensed by each of said oblique rows of tubes.

15. A surface condenser of the tubular type having tubesso disposed that a ver: tical line from every point-on the axis of-the upper tube-of a pair of tubes is practically tangent to the lower tube of the pair, clearancev spaces being provided in the midst of the tubular system for the entrance of steam.

1 6. A surfacecondenser of the tubular typehaving tubes so disposed that a vertical line from any point on the axis of the upper tubeof a pairoftubes is practically tangent to theextremity of a horizontal diameter of the underneath tube of the pair, the tubes being arranged in groups, each group comprising two nests of tubes arranged so thatthe wet portions of said tubes of one nest face the wet portions of the other,

' clearance spaces being provided between the groups for the entrance of steam, said tubes being arranged in such a manner that all the tubes of the condenser have their dryfaces turned towards the nearest one of said clearance spaces. v i

17 In a surface condenser of the tubular type ja disposition of cylindrical cooling tubes at different levels, the axes of the tubes being substantially parallel, in whi ch a vertical plane parallel to the axes of the tubes and passing through the axis ofv a tube, touches practically tangentially two other tubes, one on either side of said plane, at points located between vertical planes parallel to the axes of the tubes and passing through the axesof said two tubes, clearance spacesbeing provided in the midst of the tubular system. I

18; In a-surface condenser of the tubular type, a dispositionof cylindrical cooling I tubes'at different levels, the axes of the tubes being substantially parallel in which a vertical plane parallel to the axes of the tubes and passing through the axis of a tube touches practically tangentially two other,

tubes, one on either side of said plane, at points located between vertical 'planesparallel to' the axes of-t-he'tubes and passing 1 through the axesfof said two tubes, the tubes being arranged in groups, each group comprising two nests of vtubes arranged so that the wetportions of said tubes of one nest face the wet portions of the other, clearance jspaces being provided between the groups for the entrance of steam, said tubes being arranged in such a manner that all the tubes of the condenser have their dry faces turned towards the nearest one of said clearance spacesI-J I a 19. A condenser comprising a plurality of cooling tubes sepa-ratedby clearances for the fiow of steam and residual air into a plurality of groups, each of said groups being composed of a plurality of oblique rows inclined to the vertical with the successive tubes of each row from the top to the bottom thereof located above but slightly oiiset from the tube just beneath it whereby the condensed Water from the bottom of one tube of the row will fall on one side of the tube just beneath it and thereby cause an oblique 10 progression into one of said clearances of ANDRE GINABAT. 

